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发表于 2021-01-14 13:39
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Antibiotics and the gut microbiota
抗生素和肠道微生物群
链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271726/(美国国家生物信息中心图书馆)
论文摘要:
Antibiotics have been a cornerstone of innovation in the fields of public health, agriculture, and medicine. However, recent studies have shed new light on the collateral damage they impart on the indigenous host-associated communities. These drugs have been found to alter the taxonomic, genomic, and functional capacity of the human gut microbiota, with effects that are rapid and sometimes persistent. Broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce bacterial diversity while expanding and collapsing membership of specific indigenous taxa. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment selects for resistant bacteria, increases opportunities for horizontal gene transfer, and enables intrusion of pathogenic organisms through depletion of occupied natural niches, with profound implications for the emergence of resistance. Because these pervasive alterations can be viewed as an uncoupling of mutualistic host-microbe relationships, it is valuable to reconsider antimicrobial therapies in the context of an ecological framework. Understanding the biology of competitive exclusion, interspecies protection, and gene flow of adaptive functions in the gut environment may inform the design of new strategies that treat infections while preserving the ecology of our beneficial constituents.
抗生素一直是公共卫生、农业和医学领域创新的基石。然而,最近的研究对它们对与宿主有关的土著社区造成的附带损害有了新的认识。这些药物已被发现改变人类肠道微生物群的分类、基因组和功能能力,其作用是迅速的,有时是持久的。广谱抗生素减少了细菌的多样性,同时扩大和瓦解了特定土著分类群的成员。此外,抗生素治疗选择耐药细菌,增加水平基因转移的机会,并通过耗尽占据的自然生态位使病原微生物入侵,对耐药性的出现具有深远的影响。因为这些普遍的改变可以被看作是相互共生的宿主-微生物关系的解偶联,所以在生态框架的背景下重新考虑抗菌治疗是有价值的。了解竞争排斥的生物学、种间保护和肠道环境中适应性功能的基因流,有助于设计治疗感染的新策略,同时保护有益成分的生态。 |
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